17~19세기 일본의 서민 교육과 오라이모노(往來物) : 대외 인식의 대중화 기반을 중심으로

초록

This article examines ōraimono (往來物), textbooks used in popular education in Japan from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, focusing on the incorporation and transformation of foreign-related knowledge. During the Edo period, ōraimono were widely used in private educational institutions such as tenarai-juku (手習塾) amid growing demand for literacy and practical knowledge. The study analyzes four texts: Taihei Ōrai (太平往来), Daisen Yōbun Sankan- gura (大船用文三韓蔵), Kuni-zukushi (國盡), and Sekai Shōbai Ōrai (世界商賣往来). The analysis shows that the first two texts presented a Japan-centered worldview and a view of Joseon premised on Japanese superiority. Kuni-zukushi placed Ryukyu within a Japanese spatial framework, while Sekai Shōbai Ōrai reflected expanding commercial relations after Japan’s opening by introducing broader knowledge of Western countries, languages, and commodities. These changes demonstrate that ōraimono incorporated changing foreign-related knowledge and worldviews into popular education. Their use in tenarai-juku provided conditions for such knowledge to be transmitted and shared among commoners. While the texts alone cannot establish their direct impact on popular perceptions, this study clarifies how foreign-related knowledge entered popular education through ōraimono and how changing views of the outside world were transmitted through educational media.

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