제3공화국의 경주 남산 개발과 국가주의 문화재 행정

초록

In the era of the Third Republic, the government ambitiously promoted the Ancient Capital Gyeongju Tourism Development Plan. President Park Jung-hee set out his goal of developing the wise qualities of a nation and inheriting the spirit of Hwarang for the unification of the country. However, due to the lack of funds to accomplish this goal, the government tried to obtain a development loan from IBRD to promote Korean culture and increase tourism revenue. To attract foreign tourists, President Park first built the infrastructure of Gyeongju for the tourists’ convenience and conserved the cultural properties in Namsan after the designation of it as a historic site. Park Jung-hee awakened the spirit of Hwarang in Silla by erecting the Hwarang House and the Hall of Unification(Tongiljeon) around the foot of Namsan. And he made the people learn the spirit of Hwarang by exploring the cultural properties in Namsan. Before the completion of the development of Gyeongju, the cultural remains of Namsan were separated things one by one. However, tourism development of the Ancient Capital Gyeongju connected the cultural assets in Namsan from the separated points to a side and set the foundation for being registered as a Unesco World Cultural Heritage. It was the Old City Gyeongju development project that Park Jung-hee's nationalism was realized in the form of obtaining foreign currency through tourism by preserving cultural properties. A High modernism is a concept of political elite groups admire the progress of technology and change nature for the benefit of human beings. The Gyeongju development project by Park Jung-hee can also be a kind of high modernism in that nature and the relics of Namsan have been transformed into tourists' attractions. The government emphasized the future of the city and tried to control all the traditions in the name of development. The project of Gyeongju development and the preservation of the Namsan was ideal and reasonable at the time. Yet, at the same time, it was able only because the government was an authoritarian state with coercive executive power. It was the first successful case of managing cultural properties of Namsan as tourism resources through building infrastructure by enormous loans and public power.

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