A Multi-Range, Multi-Resolution LiDAR Sensor with 2,880-Channel Modular Survival Histogramming TDC and Delay Compensation Using Double Histogram Sampling

초록

We present a 720×192 dToF sensor with a 2,880-channel modular survival histogram TDC (shTDC) array. The shTDC supports non-destructive accumulation while concentrating depth on active bins, reducing memory by 75% with precision comparable to one-step hTDC. Modular hTDCs enable multi-range and multi-resolution imaging to 69.6m, while double histogram sampling cancels pixel-to-shTDC offsets. The prototype achieves 0.13% precision and 0.12% accuracy. © 2026 IEEE.