무호암 윤필병의 상소문 연구―내외직 시기 현실 인식과 경세 의론을 중심으로―

초록

This study examines the memorials to the throne written by Muhoam Yun Pil-byeong(尹弼秉, 1730∼1810), a bureaucrat-literatus affiliated with the Geungi Namin faction who was active mainly during the reign of King Jeongjo. It aims to clarify Yun’s perception of contemporary realities, major political arguments, and approach to statecraft. The recent disclosure of the manuscript Muhoamjip (無號菴集), comprising nine fascicles in six volumes, has provided a basis for research on Yun. This study focuses on twelve memorials—including so, gye, bongsa, and heonui—contained in fascicle 8, while cross-referencing official records such as the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty and the Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat. Yun’s memorials are analyzed according to his service in central and provincial offices. In “Sajangnyeongso”(辭掌令䟽, 1779), written during his central government service, Yun urged King Jeongjo to cultivate royal virtue and establish geongeuk(建極) as the fundamental principle of governance. He understood geongeuk not merely as the ruler’s moral cultivation but as a political principle for overcoming factionalism and selecting talented officials according to impartial standards. He thus presented impartial government, the advancement of neglected talent, and reform of the Seungsang examination as interconnected tasks. The memorials written during Yun’s provincial service reveal a practical approach grounded in local experience. As magistrate of Dongnae, he prioritized actual administrative conditions and the burdens borne by soldiers and commoners over formal classifications in official registers. As governor of Gangwon Province, he attributed population mobility and uncultivated land to unstable livelihoods and administrative abuses involving land, taxation, and labor obligations. He proposed protecting the benefits of reclamation and temporarily reducing fiscal burdens. Yun’s memorials therefore demonstrate an approach to statecraft that combined public impartiality with close attention to local realities and the everyday lives of the people.

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