1930년대 프랑스 정치의 재편과 극단으로의 수렴 - 마르셀 데아와 자크 도리오를 중심으로-

초록

Marcel Déat and Jacques Doriot, two prominent figures of the French Left in the 1930s, were respectively members of the French Section of the Workers’ International (SFIO) and the French Communist Party (PCF). Amid the decade’s political instability, both broke with their original parties and pursued independent political paths. Despite different trajectories, by the late 1930s they had moved toward similar positions favoring the avoidance of war and accommodation with Germany, before embracing collaboration after the French defeat of 1940. Rather than interpreting these developments as a linear conversion from the Left to the extreme Right or a simple “drift toward fascism,” this article compares how the transformations of the 1930s affected the two men. For Déat, the renewal of socialism, planisme, and pacifism constituted essential points of departure, whereas Doriot’s evolution was shaped more by his conflicts with the PCF and the Comintern and his growing anti-communism. Although these distinct trajectories led them to similar positions toward Germany, collaboration was not inevitable. The defeat of 1940 instead became a decisive moment that redirected their previously distinct political projects toward collaboration. Their trajectories thus show that the rightward shift and political radicalization of 1930s France resulted not from a single ideology or consistent trajectory, but from the convergence of different political positions under particular historical circumstances.

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