이념과 시대에 따른 대통령의 언론관 구조 분석: 보수와 진보 정권 언론 담론의 구조 토픽 모델링(STM) 비교

초록

This study empirically examines how the South Korean presidents’ discourses on the press have been structured and transformed according to political ideology since 2003. From 3,479 presidential speeches archived in the National Archives, 150 texts related to the press were selected and analyzed using the Structural Topic Modeling(STM). By incorporating ideology (conservative vs. progressive) and year as covariates, STM enabled the simultaneous estimation of topic composition and temporal–ideological variation, thereby addressing the limitations of previous case-based analyses. The results show that presidential media discourses were structured around four major themes: media industry, press freedom and responsibility, institutional reform, and symbolic gestures of affinity. Conservative presidents emphasized growth- and industry-oriented logos appeals, while progressive presidents highlighted normative and institutional ethos appeals. Over time, “press freedom and responsibility” declined as “media industry” discourse expanded, indicating a long-term shift from value-centered to management and industry-centered orientations. These findings demonstrate that presidential language functions as a form of political self-performance, evidencing the broader economization of political discourse in which the rhetoric of democracy and public values has gradually been replaced by the language of efficiency and industrial growth.

키워드