알제리의 프랑스 식민도시 오랑 - 식민 건축 유산의 구축과 탈식민 전환 -

초록

During the French colonial period, Oran was the most Europeanized city in Algeria. The French authorities constructed a European-style new town on the plateau east of the old Casbah quarter, placing monumental buildings — the Palais de Justice, the Théâtre d'Oran, and the Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur — along its central axis. These buildings functioned as devices for visualizing the values of French Republican judicial authority, European high culture, and Catholic civilization onto the colonial space. This article analyzes how this colonial architectural heritage was transformed after Algerian independence in 1962, thereby revealing the complexity of the relationship between postcolonial society and colonial legacy. The Palais de Justice maintained a high degree of continuity in both its physical form and judicial function as it was transferred to the Algerian legal system. The opera theater was appropriated as a space for popular culture, hosting Arabic-language plays and nationalist narratives. The Sacré-Cœur Cathedral was converted into a municipal library, transforming from a symbol of Catholic faith into a space of knowledge and education. In addition, the transformation of the Village Nègre—a colonial-era indigenous containment quarter—into Médina J'dida, one of Oran's most vibrant commercial districts, demonstrates a decolonial transition at the urban district level. These distinct trajectories of functional continuity, cultural appropriation, and reconversion suggest that the postcolonial utilization of colonial architectural heritage constitutes a multi-layered spectrum that cannot be reduced to a single logic. They further demonstrate that the traces of colonialism have been reorganized not through destruction but through the superimposition of new meanings.

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