중국어 방향보어 ‘出来’의 목적어 어순 제약 기제 – 코퍼스 통계 분석을 중심으로

초록

This study investigates the mechanism of object word order constraints in Chinese complex directional complement constructions, focusing on the structure V+chūlái (出来). Moving beyond previous research that relied on a limited set of corpus examples, this study employs natural language processing tools to automatically extract object constituents from large-scale corpora and conducts a statistical analysis of diverse object types. Through this approach, it quantitatively and empirically examines how multiple factors—including definiteness, length, syntactic form, and semantic role—affect word order choice. Methodologically, the study complements traditional Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) with the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) framework, enabling the quantification of each factor’s relative contribution. This dual approach clarifies the relative importance of key constraints and identifies the mechanisms by which different object types influence word order. It also demonstrates the value of integrating statistical modeling with explainable AI (XAI) techniques in Chinese syntax research. The findings reveal that V+chūlái frequently co-occurs with objects and that word order variation is governed jointly by the semantics of the directional complement and the properties of the object. Four order types show distinctive distributions: VOC is highly restricted in modern Chinese and occurs mainly with short, indefinite nominal objects; VCOC is the most frequent and versatile type, accommodating varied object properties; VCO serves as the focal construction, favoring indefinite elements or lengthy verbal clause objects in sentence-final focus positions; and BA constructions prefer definite, identifiable nominal objects, rarely allowing indefinite or long clausal objects. These results confirm that word order variation in complex directional complements is not merely syntactic but emerges from the interaction of object properties with discourse and cognitive constraints.

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