Peroxide-Assisted Solvate Engineering Enables Record-High Birefringence in a Solar-Blind Transparent Crystal

초록

Developing birefringent materials that simultaneously exhibit short ultraviolet (UV) cutoff edges and large birefringence is highly desirable but remains challenging. Here, we report a peroxide-containing solvate crystal, 4HP & centerdot;H2O2 (4HPO2, 4HP = 4-hydroxypyridine), obtained by incorporating H2O2 into the 4HP lattice through a mild aqueous-solution method. 4HPO2 exhibits a solar-blind UV cutoff edge at 278 nm together with a giant experimental birefringence of 0.609@546 nm, representing an approximately 14-fold enhancement compared with pristine 4HP. Structural analysis reveals that H2O2 induces a pronounced reorganization of the 4HP packing, converting a nearly orthogonal arrangement into an ordered, nearly parallel alignment through strengthened hydrogen-bonding interactions. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses indicate that the aligned 4HP sublattice serves as the dominant source of optical anisotropy, whereas H2O2 mainly acts as a hydrogen-bond-directed structural modulator with a secondary direct optical contribution. The reordered packing also creates an anisotropic local-field environment that further amplifies the molecular polarizability anisotropy (Delta alpha). These findings highlight peroxide-assisted solvate engineering as an effective strategy for tuning packing and optical anisotropy and provide a promising design principle for developing ultraviolet birefringent materials.

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