안양-하동 비교를 통한 인구소멸·교통소외지역 자율주행 셔틀-DRT의 단계적 ITS/C-ITS 인프라 도입 프레임워크

초록

This study evaluates phased ITS/C-ITS infrastructure requirements for autonomous shuttle-based demand responsive transport (DRT) in depopulated and transit-disadvantaged areas through a comparative analysis of Anyang and Hadong. Anyang City’s autonomous shuttle service is used as an urban reference case, while Hadong County is treated as a rural comparative case. The Operational Design Domain (ODD) is structured into four infrastructure axes—communication, HD mapping, traffic control, and intersection cooperation—and organized into maturity levels from L0 to L4. By embedding operational KPIs into generalized travel time and linking them to accessibility and cost-effectiveness, the analysis shows that accessibility in Hadong improves by 18.3% at L2 and 22.7% at L3. In contrast, L4 yields only an additional 4.1% gain despite a 3.2-fold increase in cost, with the marginal cost-effectiveness index (MCI) declining to 0.43. These findings suggest that L1-L3 may be interpreted as the minimum infrastructure package worth prioritizing for autonomous DRT deployment in depopulated and transit-disadvantaged areas.

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