AI 기반 인지 도구가 인간 인지에 미치는 영향: 인지 손상과 인지 증강에 관한 통합적 문헌 고찰

초록

The purpose of this paper is to explain the influence of AI-based cognitive tools on human cognition from a cognitive psychological perspective. Our study demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of AI-based cognitive tools. It suggests novel approaches addressing their limitations by focusing on the features of AI technology and human cognitive mechanisms. First, we examine cases of cognitive impairment that arise when AI replaces human cognitive processes, diminishing users’ cognitive engagement, such as attentional deficits, memory impairment, and reduced higher-level thinking. Specifically, we focus on cognitive offloading that occurs as users excessively rely on AI. Second, we explore the mechanisms by which AI features such as smooth interaction, adaptive feedback, and personalized learning facilitate users’ cognitive involvement, leading to more efficient cognitive resource allocation, deeper information processing, and AI-based cognitive training effects. Our study highlights the importance of balancing the benefits of automation with intentional cognitive effort to preserve users’ active cognitive processing capabilities. Finally, we identify the technical limitations of current AI-based tools and propose several strategies to promote sustained cognitive engagement within human-AI interaction contexts. Therefore, this study provides a novel cognitive psychological framework to mitigate human cognitive impairment and facilitate cognitive enhancement across various domains, including daily, educational, and clinical contexts.

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