정부 R&D 지원이 기업 재무성과와 혁신성과에 미치는 영향: 산업기술혁신사업의 과제 기획 방식에 따른 효과를 중심으로

초록

This study compares the effects of top-down and bottom-up government R&D planning on firms' financial and innovation performance, investigating the moderating effect of the number of participating organizations in bottom-up projects. By merging KIAT R&D project data with firm-level financial data, this study conducted a panel analysis (Heckman selection model) and a cross-sectional analysis (negative binomial regression). The results show that government R&D support significantly enhances firm revenue. Furthermore, top-down projects outperformed bottom-up ones across both financial (revenue) and innovation outcomes (patent applications, registrations, and commercialization). Notably, a significant moderating effect was identified: bottom-up project performance improved as the consortium size increased. In conclusion, policy designs should strategically utilize top-down projects for efficiency while inducing larger-scale consortia for bottom-up projects. This study contributes by moving beyond a dichotomous comparison of planning approaches, revealing the interaction effect of cooperation scale as a core mechanism to enhance private-sector-led innovation.

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