재미 동포 한국어 내 방언 접촉의 한 양상-기층 방언의 규명을 토대로-

초록

This paper aims to identify the substrate dialects of Korean Americans’ Korean and, on that basis, to describe and explain an aspect of dialect contact observed in this variety. Examining the history of Korean immigration to the US, which is divided into three periods, from the perspective of dialect contact, the decisive period for the formation of the substrate dialects of contemporary Korean Americans’ Korean is the third period (1965–present). A close analysis of the “Overseas Migration Declarant” data from the Overseas Koreans Agency for this period reveals that the substrate dialects of contemporary Korean Americans’ Korean can be defined as being primarily composed of the Kyeonggi dialect, followed by the Southeastern dialect, with the contribution of other dialects being minimal. As a case of “coexistence,” one aspect of dialect contact, an examination of the phonological process of the obstruent-/h/ sequence reveals significant variation among speakers, who use either contracted(i.e., aspirated) forms or non-contracted (i.e., lenited or deleted) forms. Among the non-contracted forms, lenited forms are found much more frequently than deleted forms. This pattern must be explained demographically and is understood as a competition between the contracted forms (Kyeonggi dialect type) and the lenited forms(Southeastern dialect type). However, the reasons why the contracted forms, despite being numerically superior, do not dominate the lenited forms — and why lenited forms, in turn, dominate deleted forms — are attributed to intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors. These reasons include the fact that lenited forms are more advantageous for restoring the underlying forms compared to the other two types; consequently, they give 1st-generation speakers little impression of being non-standard or regional dialect forms. Furthermore, 2nd-generation speakers inherit the coexistence phenomenon from the 1st generation, but in accordance with new-dialect formation theory, they tend not to acquire the deleted forms, which were already infrequent in the previous generation.

키워드