‘존재론적 돌봄’과 ‘관계적 돌봄’의 철학상담: 하이데거와 길리건을 중심으로

초록

This paper presents the theoretical foundation and practical approaches for philosophical counseling that offers care with personal dignity in the face of life-threatening crises. This is because ‘care’ is a crucial topic that demands greater attention and examination in Korean society, which is rapidly transitioning into a super-aged society. To this end, this paper derives the 'theoretical basis’ of care from Heidegger’s ontological concept of care and expands its scope to the ‘practical dimension’ through Gilligan’s relational care, thereby exploring the theoretical foundation and practical methods of care within philosophical counseling. While Heidegger’s concept of care represents the ontological-existential structure of human Dasein independent of ethics, Gilligan’s ethics of care emphasizs ethical relationality grounded in emotional sensitivity and contextual understanding. Heidegger’s framework provides ontological-metaphysical grounding for philosophical counseling, whereas Gilligan’s care ethics offers a crucial interpretive framework for reflecting on the client’s ethical conflicts as ‘responsibility within relationships’. Philosophical counseling integrating these two discourses emphasizes that genuine care for healing must not be viewed as a mere act of tending to others, but rather as a fundamental act of ‘response to being’ and ‘relational reflection’ centered on the person. This is because it addresses human suffering not as a simple psychological problem, but as a question of life’s meaning and mode of being.

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