Nonlocal equations with kernels of general order

초록

We consider a broad class of nonlinear integro-differential equations with a kernel whose differentiability order is described by a general function ϕ. This class includes not only the fractional p-Laplace equations, but also borderline cases when the fractional order approaches 1. Under mild assumptions on ϕ, we establish sharp Sobolev–Poincaré type inequalities for the associated Sobolev spaces, which are connected to a question raised by Brezis (Russ Math Surv 57:693–708, 2002). Using these inequalities, we prove Hölder regularity and Harnack inequalities for weak solutions to such nonlocal equations. All the estimates in our results remain stable as the associated nonlocal energy functional approaches its local counterpart. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.

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