운곡 시에 나타난 역사 인물 전고의 수용과 변용 - 출처관과 인물 정형성의 재해석을 중심으로 -

초록

This study reexamines the image of Ungok Won Cheon-seok as a“loyal subject” or a “recluse,” later conventionalized by Sarimscholars, and investigates how his philosophy of engagement andwithdrawal and inner consciousness were articulated throughhistorical allusions. The primary subjects are Qu Yuan and TaoYuanming, Boyi and Shuqi, Yan Hui, and Yan Guang, figuresrepeatedly invoked in Won’s poetry in relation to the choice andjustification of retirement and to life thereafter. Particular attentionis given to how figures with different conventional meanings arecompared and reevaluated within the same poetic space. Won neither conventionally followed the traditional images ofhistorical figures nor simply identified himself with them. Byjuxtaposing Qu Yuan and Tao Yuanming, he compared loyaltythrough death with self-preservation through retirement andpresented Tao Yuanming’s life as a practicable alternative. In thecase of Boyi and Shuqi, he emphasized not their refusal to serve asecond ruler or their death by starvation, but their renunciation offame and profit and preservation of the self in a troubled age. Hisuse of “laugh”[笑] in reference to Qu Yuan and to Boyi and Shuqishows that he did not regard death for loyalty as the sole model of moral practice. Yan Hui and Yan Guang were represented asmodels for life after retirement. Rather than foregrounding familiarallusions to contentment in poverty or the ruler-subjectrelationship, Won highlighted lives detached from worldly wealthand honor, emphasizing the wisdom of knowing when to advanceand withdraw, the spirit of “sitting in forgetfulness,” and the idealof the “leisurely guest beyond the world.”These findings show that Won selectively accepted andtransformed aspects of historical archetypes in accordance with hiscircumstances and aspirations. His retirement was not a passiveescape from reality but a practice of self-preservation intended tosafeguard his convictions amid disorder. Historical allusions thusserved as poetic devices for explaining and justifying that choiceand for shaping life after retirement. This perspective enables afuller understanding of the complexity of Won’s thought and poeticworld.

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