분단과 안보 정동 : 한국적 맥락의 이슬람 혐오 구성

초록

This study argues that “security affect”, as a habitus of the division system, operates at the base of Islamophobia in Korean society. Islamophobia has largely been analyzed through the lens of conservative Protestantism’s religious exclusivity or racialized othering. However, the recurring phenomenon of Muslims being invoked through the language of “security threat” and “system-subverting forces” cannot be sufficiently explained by these existing frameworks, and calls for an analysis that passes through the security-affective infrastructure historically formed by the division system. As theoretical resources, this study examines Durkheim’s sacred-profane distinction and the sacralization of (national) society, and Robert Bellah’s civil religion as foundations for collective solidarity and security discourse. It further analyzes the theoretical implications and limits of Kim Sung-kyung’s “divided heart” and the Copenhagen School’s securitization theory, and reconstructs Sara Ahmed’s affective economies as “security affect,” deriving four analytical factors: “threat minute-perception”, “actualization of anxiety,” “transference/attachment”, and “preventive justification”. Conservative Protestantism functions as a core discursive actor that transfers anti-communist security affect from pro-North Korea sympathy to homosexuality, feminism, and Islam; Islamophobia, in turn, operates through a logic of securitization qualitatively distinct from other hate discourses — driven by security anxieties triggered by terrorism representations, fears of demographic, cultural, and political “occupation”, and genderized hatred. In sum, Islamophobia in Korean society is a social phenomenon shaped through the division system, and this study calls for a critical literacy regarding how security discourse constructs categories of threat, as well as self-critical reflection within the religious field.

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