두 도시 이야기: 프로젝트 메이븐으로 본 군과 빅테크의 파트너십 동학

초록

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a key driver of modern warfare, states are increasingly compelled to cooperate with Big Tech to secure national security capabilities. However, Google's refusal to renew the 'Project Maven' contract in 2018 was a symbolic event revealing that the strategic justification of national security alone can no longer guarantee civilian cooperation. This study identifies this incident not as a mere difference in organizational culture, but as a fundamental conflict of 'Institutional Logics' between the military and Big Tech. To determine the sustainability of cooperation, this study proposes an analytical framework based on two dimensions: 'Value Alignment' and 'Structural Autonomy.' The analysis demonstrates that the clash between the military's logic of hierarchical control and Big Tech's professional logic—emphasizing open collaboration and ethical responsibility—led to a 'failure of value alignment.' Furthermore, it confirms that Big Tech's high 'structural autonomy' functioned as substantial power, enabling them to autonomously exit the collaboration with the military. Furthermore, this study reveals that, following the Maven incident, the U.S. military is adapting to these structural constraints through a governance transformation that differentiates roles based on the type of civilian partner. This demonstrates that national security in the AI era no longer remains the exclusive domain of the state, and empirically validates the arrival of a new civil-military cooperation paradigm where power-sharing and value coordination with non-state actors are inevitable.

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