어떤 민주주의인가? 윤석열 대통령 탄핵 찬반 여론으로 살펴본 한국인의 민주주의관

초록

Using public survey data, this study explores how the varying levels of democratic commitment and understanding of democratic institutions and norms among South Koreans influence their attitudes towards the presidential impeachment of Yoon Seok-yeol in 2025. Findings from statistical analysis show that while voters supporting impeachment expressed a stronger support for democracy as a political regime than authoritarian systems, there was no statistically significant difference between pro- and anti-impeachment factions in their support for specific democratic institutions and values. Meanwhile, opponents of impeachment—particularly those participating in anti-impeachment rallies—exhibited a complex pattern: they showed relatively high support for key democratic functions, such as guaranteeing civic political participation and expanding checks and balances, yet also showed a greater tendency to endorse groundless conspiracy theories and rely on partisan YouTube channels. This study thus suggests two meaningful implications. First, while the concept of democracy may be overextended among political elites, the disparity in democratic understanding among ordinary voters is less significant than anticipated. Second, a political socialization mechanism needs to be reformed by securing a greater role for guardians of democracy, notably political parties, to mitigate ideological and partisan polarization.

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