唐帝國 시기의 牂柯蠻과 牂柯國 - 서남 변경의 ‘蠻’과 ‘國’

초록

This article explores the “Zhangke Barbarians” and the state of “Zhangke” that were in the southwest borderlands of Tang Empire. The focus of this study is on the category of “Zhangke Barbarians” and the structure of “Zhangke-state.” The conclusion of this paper can be summarized as following. The first, The most important feature of the “Zhangke state” was the establishment of this small political unit within the unique political and cultural space of the bianjun(邊郡) frontier prefecture of Chinese empires. And the formation of Xie clan (謝氏) the governing elite of Zhangke-guo was none other than the process of the formation of the regional elites, the daxing (大姓, powerful clans) and the yishuai (夷帥,barbarian chiefs). The second, it was identified that the category of “Zhangke Barbarians” was very fluid. For example, “Zhangke-man” had sometimes included Dongxie-man(東謝蠻), Nanxie-man(南謝蠻), Xizhao-man(西趙蠻) which were distinct from Zhangke-man. The third, the category of “Zhangke Barbarians” was not always equal with that of “Zhangke state”, and the territory of “Zhangke-state” had not the fixed size. The fourth, As like the other polities of the southwestern borderlands were, “Zhangke-state” was structured on the hierarchy of barbarian chiefs, governing elites of clans. The tribute-appointment relation with Tang emperor and the participation in the jimifuzhou(羈縻府州) system of Tang Empire was established on that structure.

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