EVMpress: Precise Type Inference for Next-Generation EVM Decompilation

초록

Analyzing EVM bytecode is imperative because nearly 45% of smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain lack publicly available source code. While type inference is pivotal for EVM bytecode analysis, it remains unsolved because (1) current tools can only handle a subset of Solidity expressions, and (2) they often produce imprecise results due to unsound heuristics they employ. Furthermore, there is no comprehensive dataset with precise ground truth for evaluating EVM type inference, which hinders the development of new tools and the evaluation of existing ones. Thus, we propose EVMpress, a novel bytecode analysis framework that enables accurate type inference for Solidity expressions found in EVM bytecode. We evaluate EVMpress on the largest-to-date dataset of EVM bytecode containing more than 370K real-world contracts with precise ground truth for every function and variable. Our evaluation results show that EVMpress significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art tools in terms of its coverage and accuracy. We publicize our dataset as well as our implementation of EVMpress to facilitate future research in EVM bytecode analysis. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.